Слова связки служат для объединения между собой предложений. Они делают Вашу речь богаче, естественнее и приятней для восприятия. Их также ещё называют connecting words – соединительные слова.
Иногда, просто произнося эти слова, Вы можете создать впечатление хорошо владеющего языком человека, рассуждающего на какую-то не простую тему.
Попав в неудобную для Вас ситуацию и не зная, что сказать, вы можете немного потянуть время и подумать. Посмотрите, как это делает Мартин Кук.
Они могут являться и предлогом и частицей и наречием и союзом.
Их также можно разбить на два типа conjunctions - союзы и transition words – переходные слова.
Для Вашего удобства их лучше разбить по функциям. А именно, попав в ту или иную ситуацию, у Вас уже должны быть подготовлены слова, которые помогут Вам выйти из положения. Необходимо создать «банк слов связок» по назначению.
Для более эффективного заучивания слов-связок Вы можете воспользоваться тренажёром on-line. Он даст Вам возможность прослушать эти слова с примерами начитанные носителем языка профессиональным диктором Нилом Гейтцем. Тренажер даёт возможность распределять слова на группы «знаю», «не знаю» и сосредоточиться на словах, которые запоминаются сложнее. Также, Вы можете приобрести печатный вариант карточек, использование которых даёт более эффективный результат, так как в процесс запоминания включаются ещё и тактильные ощущения.
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Read by Neil Geitz
1. Таблица: Opposition / Limitation / Contradiction – контраст / оговорка / противоречие
2. Таблица: Cause / Condition / Purpose / причина / условие / цель
  
3. Таблица: Effect / result / consequence – следствие / результат / последствие
| Таблица: Opposition / Limitation / Contradiction – контраст / оговорка / противоречие | 
| АНГЛИЙСКОЕ СЛОВО | ТРАНСКРИПЦИЯ | ПЕРЕВОД | 
| although / though | [ɔːlˈðəʊ] | хотя, если бы даже | 
| Although the sun was shining it wasn't that warm. (in spite of the fact that) | ||
| instead | [ɪnˈstɛd] | вместо, взамен | 
| People should leave their cars at home and travel by train instead. (as an alternative) Instead of buying a car he bought a house. | ||
| whereas | [ˌwerˈæz] | тогда как, в то время как | 
| You treat this matter lightly, whereas I myself have never been more serious. | ||
| while | [waɪl] | в то время как; когда | 
| While I accept that he's not perfect in many respects, I do actually like the man. (despite the fact that; although) | ||
| despite | [dɪˈspaɪt] | не смотря на | 
| He was forced to step down as mayor despite his popularity with voters. (in spite of) | ||
| in spite of | [ɪnspaɪt əv] | не смотря на, вопреки | 
| In spite of their mutual dislike, he had helped her. (despite) | ||
| conversely | [ˈkɒnvəːsli] | обратно, противоположно, наоборот | 
| He would have preferred his wife not to work, although conversely he was also proud of what she did. | ||
| otherwise | [ˈʌðərwaɪz] | иначе, в противном случае | 
| Hurry up, otherwise we'll be late. (or else) | ||
| however | [haʊˈevər| | однако, как, как бы ни | 
| People tend to put on weight in middle age - however, gaining weight is not inevitable. (but, nevertheless) | ||
| rather | [ˈræðər] | скорее, довольно, вернее, лучше | 
| The judgment was not impulsive, but rather a carefully thought - out decision. (on the contrary) | ||
| nevertheless | [ˌnevərðəˈles] | тем не менее, однако | 
| The statements which, although literally true, are nevertheless misleading. Nevertheless, it makes sense to take a few precautions. (in spite of that) | ||
| nonetheless | [ˌnʌnðəˈles] | тем не менее, всё же | 
| The rally, which the government had declared illegal, was nonetheless attended by some 6,000. (in spite of that; nevertheless) | ||
| not with standing | [ˌnɑːt wɪθˈ stændɪŋ] | несмотря на, вопреки, хотя | 
| Not with standing that Sir Henry had sold much land, his debts were still on the increase. (although) | ||
| regardless | [rɪˈɡɑːrdləs] | не обращая внимания ни на что | 
| The plan for a new office building went ahead regardless of local opposition. (despite; not being affected by something) | ||
| but | [bət] | но, а, однако | 
| He stumbled but didn't fall. (yet; nevertheless) | ||
| still | [stɪl] | и все же; однако | 
| I know you don't like her, but you still don't have to be so rude to her. | ||
| unlike | [ˌʌnˈlaɪk] | в отличие от | 
| Unlike me everybody is free. | ||
| or | [ɔːr] | или, либо | 
| Call me in an hour or I will go home. | ||
| yet | [jet] | и всё же | 
| He was doing nothing, yet he appeared purposeful. (nevertheless) | ||
| albeit | [ˌɔːlˈbiːɪt] | хотя, тем не менее | 
| He was making progress, albeit rather slowly. (though) | ||
| as much as | [æz mʌtʃ æz] | столько сколько; также много | 
| He works as much as you do. | ||
| even though | [ˈiːvn ðəʊ] | хотя, даже если | 
| Even though he was bigger, he never looked down on me. (despite the fact that) | ||
| although this may be true | [ɔːlˈðəʊ ðɪs meɪ bi truː] | хотя это может быть правдой | 
| Although this can be true, I think it would be a big mistake to legalize it. | ||
| in contrast to | [ɪn ˈkɑːntræst tuː] | в отличие от | 
| In contrast to their neighbours, they live modestly. | ||
| different from | [ˈdɪfrənt frɒm] | отличительный; отличный | 
| She's quite different from her sister. | ||
| of course ..., but | [ɒvkɔːrs …, bʌt] | конечно …, но | 
| Of course I know it, but I don’t want to tell you this information. | ||
| on the one hand / on the other hand | с одной стороны / с другой стороны | |
| On the one hand he is clever on the other hand he makes a lot of mistakes. | ||
| on the contrary | [ɒnðə ˈkɒntrəri] | наоборот | 
| It wasn't a good thing; on the contrary it was a huge mistake. | ||
| at the same time | [æt ðə seɪm ˈtaɪm] | в тоже самое время | 
| I can't really explain it, but at the same time I'm not convinced. (nevertheless) | ||
| even so | [ˈiːvən ˈsəʊ] | даже при этих условиях, даже в таком случае | 
| That was not the most exciting of places, but even so I was having a good time. (in spite of that; nevertheless) | ||
| be that as it may | [bi ðæt æz ɪt meɪ] | как бы то ни было | 
| Well, be that as it may, I'm not about to sign this despite that. (nevertheless) | ||
| then again | [ðenəˈɡɛn] | с другой стороны | 
| I like to travel but, then again, I'm very fond of my home. | ||
| above all | [əˈbʌvɔːl] | прежде всего | 
| He was concerned above all to speak the truth. (more so than anything else) | ||
| in reality | [ɪn rɪˈalɪti] | в действительности, фактически | 
| She had believed she could control these feelings, but in reality that was not so easy. (in actual fact) | ||
| after all | [ˈɑːftə ɔːl] | в конечном итоге; в конце концов | 
| I rang and told her I couldn't come after all. | ||
| Таблица: Cause / Condition / Purpose / причина / условие / цель | 
| В большем разрешении (для печати) | ||
| АНГЛИЙСКОЕ СЛОВО | ТРАНСКРИПЦИЯ | ПЕРЕВОД | 
| IN CASE | [ɪn keɪs] | на тот случай, если... | 
| We put on thick jumpers, in case it was cold | ||
| PROVIDED THAT | [prəˈvʌɪdɪd ðæt] | при условии если / при условии, что | 
| Provided that all is safe, you may go. | ||
| GIVEN THAT | [ˈɡɪvn ðæt] | лишь тогда, когда | 
| He has motivation given that he lost custody. | ||
| ONLY IF | [ˈəʊnli ɪf] | лишь тогда, когда | 
| I'll tell you, but only if you don't tell anyone else. | ||
| EVEN IF | [ˈiːvn ɪf] | даже если | 
| I will go cycling even if it rains. | ||
| SO THAT | [ˈsəʊ ðæt] | чтобы (для того); так, чтобы | 
| He whispered so that I could not hear. | ||
| IN ORDER TO | [ɪn ˈɔːrdər tuː ] | для того, чтобы | 
| You have to love in order to be loved. | ||
| SO AS TO | [ˈəʊɪŋ tuː] | из-за, вследствие | 
| I drove at a steady 50 mph so as to save fuel. | ||
| DUE TO | [duː tuː] | из-за, по причине | 
| He is unavoidably absent due to prior commitments. | ||
| INASMUCH AS | [ɪnəzˈmʌtʃ æz] | в той мере, в какой; ввиду того, что | 
| Chile is currently studying the proposal, inasmuch as it has certain strengths. | ||
| UNLESS | [ʌnˈlɛs] | если не, пока не | 
| I shall not go unless the weather is fine. | ||
| WHENEVER | [wenˈevər] | когда бы ни, всякий раз когда | 
| You can ask for help whenever you need it. | ||
| SINCE | [sɪns] | поскольку, так как | 
| Since he is still absent, we should call the police. | ||
| BECAUSE OF | [bɪˈkɔːz ɒv] | вследствие; по причине | 
| They moved here because of the baby. | ||
| AS | [æz] | так как | 
| The athletes were free to compete again, as the case against them had not been proved. | ||
| LEST | [lest] | чтобы не, как бы не, как бы ни | 
| She turned away from the window lest anyone see them. | ||
| IN THE EVENT THAT | [ɪn ðə ɪˈvent ðæt] | в случае, если | 
| Please be ready to call the police in the event that he doesn't leave the premises immediately. | ||
| AS LONG AS | [æz lɔːŋ æz] | пока, при условии | 
| Specialized expertise can be developed within the Organization as long as candidates possess basic abilities. | ||
| ON (THE) CONDITION (THAT) | [kənˈdɪʃ(ə)n] | при условии, что | 
| I accept this proposal on condition that he will assist. | ||
| FOR THE PURPOSE OF | [fɔː ðə ˈpɜːrpəs ɒv] | с целью | 
| We arranged the meeting for the purpose of preventing a strike. | ||
| WITH THIS IN MIND | [wɪð ðɪs ɪn maɪnd] | имея в виду это обстоятельство | 
| With this in mind, this report focuses on how social protection can be used. | ||
| IN THE HOPE THAT | [ɪn ðə həʊp ðæt] | в надежде на то, что | 
| We are putting an end to violence of all kinds, in the hope that they will respond positively to our peaceful approach. | ||
| FOR FEAR THAT | [fɔː fɪə ðæt] | опасаясь, что | 
| She finally ran away for fear that he would kill her. | ||
| SEEING THAT | [ˈsiːɪŋ ðæt] | поскольку; ввиду; так как | 
| We could have a joint party, seeing that your birthday is the same day as mine. | ||
| BEING THAT | [ˈbiːɪŋ ðæt] | заключаться в том, что; так как | 
| It has a couple of unusual features, the first being that my client appears to be innocent. | ||
| IN VIEW OF | [ɪn vjuː ɒv] | виду (чего-л.); принимая во внимание (что-л.) | 
| Indeed, many of our informants preferred to remain anonymous, in view of the sensitivity of the subject. | ||
| Таблица: Effect / result / consequence – следствие / результат / последствие | 
| В большем разрешении (для печати) | 
| АНГЛИЙСКОЕ СЛОВО | ТРАНСКРИПЦИЯ | ПЕРЕВОД | 
| AS A RESULT | [æz æ rɪˈzʌlt] | как результат; в результате | 
| Profits have declined as a result of the recent drop in sales. | ||
| UNDER THOSE CIRCUMSTANCES | [ˈʌndər ðəʊz ˈsɜːkəmstənsɪz] | в этих обстоятельствах | 
| Under those circumstances, her actions were completely defensible. | ||
| IN THAT CASE | [ɪn ðæt keɪs] | в таком/этом случае | 
| ‘I'm free this evening.’ ‘In that case, why not have dinner with me? | ||
| FOR THIS REASON | [fɔː ðɪs ˈriːz(ə)n] | по этой причине | 
| For this reason alone he can be fired. | ||
| HENCEFORTH | [ˌhensˈfɔːrθ] | отныне, впредь, в дальнейшем | 
| Henceforth, supervisors will report directly to the manager. | ||
| FOR | [fɔː] | так как, потому что, ибо | 
| I couldn't see for the tears in my eyes. I don't eat meat for various reasons. | ||
| THUS | [ðʌs] | таким образом, так, поэтому | 
| The alloy is highly reflective and was thus widely used for mirrors. | ||
| THEN | [ðen] | в таком случае; тогда | 
| Well, if that's what he wants, then he should leave. | ||
| HENCE | [hɛns] | следовательно, отсюда | 
| The company lost a great deal of money. Hence, the CEO was asked to resign. | ||
| CONSEQUENTLY | [ˈkɒnsɪkw(ə)ntli] | следовательно, в результате | 
| Many of the subjects available are not taught in school, and consequently may be unfamiliar as a result. | ||
| THEREFORE | [ˈðerfɔːr] | поэтому, следовательно | 
| He was injured and therefore unable to play for that reason. | ||
| THEREUPON | [ˌðerəˈpɑːn] | вследствие того | 
| The committee reviewed the documents and thereupon decided to accept the proposal. | ||
| FORTHWITH | [fɔːθˈwɪθ] | немедленно, тотчас | 
| If the fire alarm rings, leave the building forthwith. | ||
| ACCORDINGLY | [əˈkɔːdɪŋli] | соответственно, в соответствии | 
| Katherine still considered him a child and treated him accordingly. | ||