B11

Humans have lived together in cities since ancient times, but even in 1800 urban areas were home to just 3 per cent of the world’s population.

The __________________ explosion of urbanization that accompanied the Industrial Revolution saw that figure rise 15 per cent in the space of 100 years.

MASS

B12

The cause of the _______________ growth of cities from the 19th century onwards is the ascendancy of industry over agriculture.

BELIEVE

B13

The mechanization of agriculture and the abolition of serfdom in Europe left an excess of labour in rural areas, and that labour force flooded into the cities when the Industrial Revolution provided a new form of __________________ in the shape of factories and workshops.

EMPLOY

B14

By 1900, nine European cities had more than a million inhabitants: London, Paris, Berlin, Vienna, St Petersburg, Manchester, Birmingham, Moscow and Glasgow. However, the __________________ of people – even in industrialized nations – still lived in the country.

MAJOR

B15

For many people life in cities was often _________________.

MISERY

B16

Food supply and sanitation were often so bad that the high mortality rate kept city growth __________________ slow

RELATIVE